Tag: Camouflage

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Ornamental Defense by Douglas J. Lanzo

Christmas ornaments
pursued seabed octopus
adorns legs with shells

by Douglas J. Lanzo

I was inspired to write this Sciku by watching the movie ‘My Octopus Teacher’ and observing a highly intelligent Common Octopus evade a Pyjama shark predator in a kelp forest in False Bay, South Africa by covering its arms with seafloor seashells.

Its amazingly high level of intelligence was reflected in its recognition of the free diver who dove to its lairs in the kelp forest on a daily basis to interact with it, its playing with fish with its tentacles in the tide, its cloaking itself with strands of kelp to temporarily escape from a Pyjama shark, its dashing onto a sand beach to escape the jaws of the menacing shark and its riding atop the startled shark and slipping off its back to complete its getaway.

Further reading:

Please check out ‘My Octopus Teacher’ for more information about the intelligence and remarkable sentience and adaptive behaviors of octopi as well as the recent article ‘Inner Senses’ by Jonathan Shaw in Harvard Magazine for information about its adaptive behavior at https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2023/03/feature-nicholas-bellono-animal-adaptations

Author bio:
Doug is an international author whose Newbery-nominated novel, The Year of the Bear, won the 2023 Ames Award for Young Adult literature, was a finalist for the 2023 Hawthorne Prize and is a 2022 Firebird Award Winner. He has published 337 poems in 70 literary publications in 10 countries. He and his twin son poets enjoy nature, fishing, tennis, hiking and snorkeling. His Author’s website is at www.douglaslanzo.com . Check out another sciku by Doug here: ‘Sentient Sea Play’.

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Dark moths by Prof Matthew J. James

Industrial soot

Biston betularia

Quo vadis dark moths?

 

The Peppered Moth (Biston betularia) is a classic example of evolution in action, yet in recent years Darwin’s Finches seem to have eclipsed the Peppered Moth as the textbook example of natural selection.

This sciku, written by Professor Matthew J. James, celebrates the Peppered Moth as an example of rapid natural selection and asks where the dark moths are going, Quo vadis in Latin meaning “Where are you going?”. The question refers to both the population change in moth colouration from dark to light and also implies a nostalgic deeper meaning asking where the Peppered Moth explanation of natural selection has gone in light of the present-day dominance of Darwin’s Finches.

The wild-type Peppered Moth has light wing patterns that act as effective camouflage against its common environmental background. Industrial smog from 19th century coal burning in the United Kingdom resulted in the trees upon which they rested becoming blackened by soot, making the moths stand out. As a result the population of light-winged moths plummeted due to increased predation, however numbers of the melanic mutant form (black in colour) of the species rose – this process has been termed Industrial Melanism. As the Industrial Revolution waned and levels of pollution decreased, numbers of the light-winged form of the moth rose once again. Cook & Saccheri (2013) present an interesting review of the Peppered Moth as a natural selection case study.

Original research: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fhdy.2012.92

Professor Matthew J. James is Chair in the Department of Geology at Sonoma State University, California. His recent book, Collecting Evolution, examines a scientific collecting expedition to the Galapagos Islands in 1905-06 that resulted in the concept of Darwin’s Finches being developed by David Lack in his 1947 book by that same name.

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Snail shepherds

Cichlid snail shepherds

help their fry play masquerade

…if the crowd’s willing.

 

Keeping your children safe is one of the most important things you can do as a parent. Cichlid fish have young that have striped patterns similar to a species of snail that sometimes lives in the same area – a form of masquerade camouflage protection. The fry only have these patterns in populations where the species of snail is present, and the cichlid parents further help their young by removing other species to snail from their territory, helping to drive up the proportions of striped snails and so increase their offspring’s charade. Satoh et al, 2017.